You Can Keep Your Car In Bankruptcy... But Should You?

Bankruptcy affords numerous opportunities to keep your vehicle. This is important, because you need your car to get to work, pick up your kids, and in general get around a town that doesn't have great public transportation. However, just because you can keep your car in bankruptcy doesn't mean that you necessarily should.

Bankruptcy allows you to keep your vehicle as long as you can show that you can afford the payment. In Chapter 13 bankruptcy, you can even catch up on arrears owed and/or stop a repossession. The arrears can be made current over the three-to-five year repayment. So, in most cases, a car can be retained. However, there are situations when you should consider surrendering it through the bankruptcy.

The most common situation for surrender is when the arrears are too great to pay. If you qualify for a Chapter 7, and there are arrears on your vehicle, you would need to file a Chapter 13 bankruptcy to keep it. Chapter 13 bankruptcy is more expensive and time consuming that Chapter 7 bankruptcy, and it just might not be worth it. You can walk away from your obligation in Chapter 7, which may be an attractive option. When you walk away from a car in Chapter 7 bankruptcy, surrendering it to the creditor, your financial obligation is wiped away. You will not owe any deficiency.

An important point will be how much you owe versus what your car is worth. If you owe $20,000 and an additional $5,000 in arrears, but your car only has a Blue Book value of $15,000, it might not make sense to keep such a high payment for such a low-value car. If it is your only vehicle, and you absolutely need it to get to work, and there will be no other way to finance a vehicle in the future, you may need to bite the bullet and keep it. But, if you can use a spouse's or parent's vehicle, or take public transportation, bankruptcy might be a good opportunity to get away from the payment. It will depend on your particular circumstances.

I meet with many clients struggling with large car payments who, upon learning they can get away from the vehicle obligation, are happy to do so. Large car payment weigh my clients down. And cars only depreciate in value. It will not be very difficult to get financing on a more modest vehicle after filing your bankruptcy.

One situation where it probably makes sense to keep the car is when you must file a Chapter 13 bankruptcy that repays your unsecured creditors in full. In these cases, if you surrender a car, you will have to repay the deficiency on the car loan (unlike in a Chapter 7 bankruptcy). It doesn't make much sense to pay for a car you no longer possess, so keeping it is more likely your best option.

So what should you do? Contact us to set up a free consultation to discuss your automobile situation. I will be happy to sit down and review your case in detail. The monthly payment, your future prospects, and the condition of the vehicle should be considered. Your circumstances will probably dictate what you should do, but the decision will always be yours.

Why Are There No Creditors At The "Meeting of Creditors"?

The prospect of the Meeting of Creditors causes a lot of anxiety for many of my clients. While this is understandable (the process is new to them), it is unfounded. There is very little to worry about during the Meeting of Creditors as long as you are honest and prepared.

A major cause of anxiety is the belief that your creditors will be present, and will cross-examine and grill you. People picture a courtroom setting with a judge and prosecuting attorney. Given the aggressiveness of collection agencies that have hounded them for months and sometimes years, debtors understandably believe a similar attorney will appear in an attempt to intimidate and belittle them. In reality, nothing could be further from the truth.

First of all, there is no judge and no courtroom. The Meeting of Creditors is conducted in a normal office room, in front of a "trustee", who is an attorney appointed to review the case. While there are bankruptcy judges and courtrooms, these only become necessary in complicated and disputed cases. The Meeting of Creditors is a much less formal affair. The trustee sits in the place of the creditors who are owed money, reviews the filing, and asks the debtor some simple questions. Your attorney will be at your side to assist you.

And this brings me to the point of there being no creditors at the Meeting of Creditors. As crazy as it sounds, there is normally no reason for them to show up. First of all, they would need to either hire and attorney or in-house council to appear, which is costly and time consuming. Given the fact that they have little hope of recovering any money in a Chapter 7 bankruptcy, this would be a waste of money for most creditors.

Second, the trustee acts in their place. If the debtor appears to have assets or income sufficient to pay their creditors, the trustee will take action. The trustee will object to the bankruptcy filing if there is anything improper about it. The trustee receives a cut of the recovery, and would thus be motivated to act on their behalf if something is available. With little in the way of rights, and very little chance of recovery, and the trustee sitting in their place, it is extremely rare when a creditor shows up. 

There is also little reason for the creditors to show up in Chapter 13 cases. Once again, there is a trustee sitting in their place. Also, the amount of money there are to be repaid is determined by the claim they file, not by a personal appearance.

The only situation when creditors may (rarely) appear is when they are "unsophisticated creditors". This means they are not a credit card or finance company. An example would be someone included on a personal loan, or an ex-landlord. These individuals know very little about the process, and when they receive a notice saying their rights may be affected, they will sometimes show up. Even then, not knowing anything about the process, they normally have very little to add.

The prospect of the Meeting of Creditors is daunting to many bankruptcy filers, but it should not be! The process is very straightforward, you will be very well prepared by my office, and most importantly, you creditors will likely not be at the meeting of their very name!

Contact us if you have any questions about the Meeting of Creditors in particular, or the bankruptcy process in general.

Bankruptcy and Valentine's Day

What do bankruptcy and Valentine's Day have in common!?

Absolutely nothing!

That being the case, here are a couple far-flung things to keep in mind:

• If you are preparing to file an individual bankruptcy, don't elope right before filing. The bankruptcy court will look at joint marital income in determining how much, if anything, you must repay your creditors. The amount is adjusted for household size, but a married couple may only earn $10,007.00 more than an individual (assuming it is a household of two). So, if your dear Valentine has a job, it could push you out of a Chapter 7 bankruptcy into a Chapter 13 bankruptcy, which would result in you repaying your creditors. On the other hand, if they do NOT have a job, it could get you below the threshold. Let true love (and the median income charts) be your guide!
• Large credit card purchases in the 90 days before filing bankruptcy can also cause a problem. A large Valentine's Day gift of over $500 may be an issue, and could prevent you from filing immediately. These purchases could be challenged as "abusive". If the generosity of true love cannot wait another moment, by all means... But, if it can wait, you should!
• Valentine's Day jewelry is exemptable under the Bankruptcy Code! There is a $1,600.00 Federal exemption per filer for jewelry, which should  cover all but the most lavish Valentine's Day gifts. Seeing as the value of jewelry drops quickly once purchased, and sentimental value is not taken into account, few gifts should present a problem.
• Cheaper, less thoughtful gifts are fully exempted! Cards, flowers, candy, edible arrangements, etc., are all worthless from a bankruptcy perspective... but not for your heart! Gift away!

Have a great Valentine's Day!

Some Common Questions About the Meeting of Creditors

What do I need to bring?

You will always need to bring your Social Security card and a valid, government-issued photo ID. If you can't find your Social Security card, you can bring an original W2, but not a copy. The Trustee will not hold your meeting without these, so don't forget!

Where are the Meeting of Creditors held?

For Chapter 7 cases in Allegheny County, the meeting will be held on the 7th floor of the Liberty Center in downtown Pittsburgh. 1001 Liberty Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15222. For Chapter 7 cases outside Allegheny County, the locations differ. Make sure to verify with your attorney before the meeting.

Chapter 13 Meeting of Creditors are held downtown in the US Steel Building, 32nd floor. 600 Grant St., Pittsburgh, PA 15219.

What should I wear?

There are no formal requirements, but you should at least dress in business casual. No Steelers jerseys!

Am I going in front of a judge? Is this in a court room?

Nope, you will go in front of a trustee, who is an attorney who reviews your case and asks you some simple questions about your filing. The meeting is held in a conference room, not a court room. Don't imagine this as a courtroom drama right out of a television show. It is a simple, straightforward affair.

Will my creditors be there to ask me questions?

Very rarely. The trustee sits in their place. It is rarely worth the creditors effort to attend, as there is very little they can do if your case is properly filed. If they do show up in a Chapter 13, it is usually to make sure there claim is being allowed (claims are what the creditors say you owe).

I will review the questions asked by the trustee several days before the Meeting of Creditors. While this meeting is fairly informal and should not cause anxiety, it is a hearing held under oath. I always tell my clients, as long as you tell the truth and don't hide anything from the trustee, there is nothing to worry about! The meeting is mostly a review of what you have already confirmed and filed, so there shouldn't be any surprises as long as you have been thorough.

Contact us if you have any questions about your Meeting of Creditors.

Labor Day

Labor Day may be the unofficial end to summer, but with temperatures pushing into the 80s, it sure doesn't feel that way. It's a great day to relax and forget the purpose of the day (work!).

As a bankruptcy attorney, people often ask me how many of my clients work. The answer? Virtually all of them! Bankruptcy is an option to help hardworking people more than anyone else. Hardworking people have things to lose, and people to protect, and the bankruptcy process will guard both.

The vast majority of my clients are hardworking people who hit one or two common hardships. The most common is medical bills. This country doesn't do a great job of providing reliable health care for working class citizens, and one or two major medical situations with sub-standard health coverage can push anyone into bankruptcy. Fortunately, medical bills are dischargeable in both Chapter 7 and Chapter 13 bankruptcy. With medical bills often reaching in the tens-of-thousands of dollars or more, bankruptcy is often the only option. Otherwise, these bills will stop you from moving on with your life.

Temporary job loss can also result in bankruptcy, and this can happen all too often in a fluid and recovering economy. Bills can pile up fast in a few short months, especially with interest rates on loans and credit cards well in the double digits. Missed mortgage payments can be paid through Chapter 13 bankruptcy, allowing me to even stop sheriff sales. It is a situation I have seen countless times. Someone is laid off for as little as three or four months, unemployment can't cover the mortgage or credit card payments, they go back to work (sometimes for a reduced salary) but it is too late. The bills are beyond control.

Another common scenario leading to bankruptcy for working individuals is divorce and marital separation. Expenses that were once split must now be paid in full. Two salaries become one, and sometimes all of the bills can't be paid. Divorce can also lead to massive legal bills. Living situations that were feasible while married can fall apart quickly with divorce. Divorce is bad enough on its own, but when it destroys your finances, it makes life that much more difficult. Bankruptcy can help.

Labor Day is a great time to relax and unwind. If you are hardworking and facing debt issues, related to the examples above, or caused by some other misfortune, contact us to discuss your options and see if bankruptcy may provide you with some relief. In the meantime, enjoy summer while it lasts!